Many smallscale producers carry out these operations manually. Nematode pests of yam iita research for development r4d. Journal of food and nutrition research, 42, 121125. This crop is relegated to an unimportant crop with bulk of the genetic resources left in the hands of older generations of farmers.
Such decrease in carbohydrate with increase in african yam bean flour has been reported in african yam bean and wheat composite flour cakes 6. The african yam bean is also nitrogen fixer, increasing soil fertility. The oldest findings and proofs that we used beans for food are 9,000 years old and were found in thailand. The yam bean project, now in its 10th year, examines the potential of the genus pachyrhizus as an attractive alternative to traditional root and tuber crops. According to the food and agriculture organization report, in 1985, nigeria produced 18. The coconut flesh meat was removed from the shell with the aid of a sharp pointed knife. African yam bean sphenostylis stenocarpa feedipedia. History of the bean different types of beans vegetable. A few farmers who still hold some seed stocks, especially the white with blackeye pattern, plant it at the base of yam mounds in june or july. Yams are carbohydrate rich, staple tuber vegetables of west african origin. The supplementation of cereal based weaning foods with adequately processed african yam bean flour would help to improve their protein content and quality. Producing and sensory examine the biscuit using wheat flour. The effects of extraction medium on the total phenolic components and antioxidant activity. The adg in birds fed the control diet and aqueous heattreated african yam bean meal were similar.
While african yam bean seeds w ere 81 sourced from a local market, umuahia in abia state, nigeria and classified at the iita genetic resource centre as 82 accession, tss 30. African yam seeds were separately soaked in solutions of alum and trona with varying concentrations 0. The eight vavilovian centers of origin for crop plants the eight vavilovian centers fig. The physical properties of african yam bean, like those of other grains are essential for the design and construction of equipment systems and controls for handling, harvesting, processing. The effect of diesel on the leaf, stem and root anatomy of pigeon pea cajanus cajan, african yam bean sphenostylis stenocarpa and bambara groundnut vigna subterranean was investigated. The discussion refers to more than two dozen plants, which arrived in plantation societies during the transatlantic slave.
In certain tropical cultures, notably in west africa and new guinea, the yam is the primary agricultural. Development, nutrient composition and sensory properties of. It is believed to be one of the most important tuberous legumes in africa. Beef meat of semi tendinous muscle leg muscle obtained from the local butcher shop in the day. Sensory evaluation of dawa dawa produced by the traditional. At the academy, run by the university of california davis, adewale and 22 other senior plant breeders are studying how entire genomes can hasten plant improvement. Organoleptic properties and perception of maize, african. The botany of the crop has been described okigbo, 1973. The african yam bean seeds were sorted, washed, dehulled manually after soaking in water 1. Yam beans are low in calories but very high in essential nutrients.
The aim was to produce of readytoeat breakfast cereals from blends of local rice oryza sativa, malted african yam bean and orange fleshed sweet potato ipomoea batatas l lam. It is rich in starch, and can be prepared in many ways. Ngerian traditional food systems and nutrition security. Seeds of three varieties of african yambean from farmers fields in nigeria soybean. Yam, any of several plant species of the genus dioscorea family dioscoreaceae grown for their edible tubers. There are many legumes forming storage roots only few are cultivated winged bean psophocarpus tetragonolobus, yam bean pachyrhizus spp.
This chapter examines the largely unheralded african components of the columbian exchange. Freshly dehusked coconuts cocus nucifera weighing 4kg were properly cleaned and cracked to expel the containing coconut juicewater. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Cultivation and use of african yam bean sphenostylis.
Yam beans are loaded with vitamins and minerals, have high nutritional value, and offer many health benefits. The domestication, cultivation, and distribution of the crop are very evident in the tropics of africa 3, 9, 10, 11 where it had been reported. African yam bean nottingham eprints university of nottingham. Beans were also found in the tombs of the kings of the ancient egypt where they were left.
The brown african yam bean seeds 5kg milled into flour using attrition mill as described in okafor and usman, 20. There are seven species in the genus sphenostylis potter and doyle 1994. African yam bean sphenostylis stenocarpa was obtained from mile one market in port harcourt, rivers state, nigeria. Cowpea grain, nutritious and inexpensive, serves as a source of cheap protein for both rural and urban consumers. Three expeditions were under taken in the region between september 1998 and march 1999 to investigate the extent of cultivation and use of the bean as the basis for research into its develop ment and promotion as a major crop. Yam is an important dietary element for nigerian and west african people. African yam bean sphenostylis stenocarpa hoechst ex. It is usually cultivated as a secondary crop with yam in ghana and nigeria. The cowpea grain contains about 25 percent protein and 64 percent carbohydrate bresanni, r. Mar 24, 2015 the species distribution and occurrence is geographically related. The seeds were sorted and divided into 4 equal portions of 1. All species are typical tropical crops grown for carbohydrate rich underground tubers.
The study examined the proximate and phytochemical saponins, tannins, phytate and flavonoid composition of roasted cream coloured african yam bean ayb flour and the lipid profile of hypercholesterolemic rats fed diets supplemented with african yam bean. The seed grains and tubers are the two major organs of. Determination of some physical properties of african yam. The african yam bean belongs to the family leguminosae fabaceae, an annual, climbing or prostrate vine. Winged bean okwe roasted, milled kerstingiella ground bean akidi ani boiled, roasted. Jul 04, 2015 the dark brown coloured variety of african yam bean seeds sphenostylis stenocarpa were soaked in distilled water control and in 1,2,3,4 and 5% solutions of unripe plantain peel ash 1. Physical and functional properties of breakfast cereals from. Yams bean taste closer to an apple and are a best source of vitamin c. A few farmers who still hold some seed stocks, especially the white with blackeye pattern, plant it at the base of yam mounds in june or. Alphabetical list of crops with botanical name and crop code crop name botanical name icc code previous code 1 abaca manila hemp musa textilis 92 2.
Effect of african yam bean ayb sphenostylis stenocarpa on. Nutritional value of african yambean sphenostylis stenocarpa l. It produces two valuable products, edible seeds and tubers. Yams are native to warmer regions of both hemispheres, and several species are cultivated as staple food crops in the tropics. Physical, proximate and antinutritional composition of. Rich harms is an underutilized tropical african tuberous legume adewale et al. The anti nutritional properties of african yam bean. Twentyfour morphological and taxonomic features of high. The effects of extraction medium on the total phenolic components and antioxidant activity of six accessions of africa yam beans were investigated. The african yam bean seed lectin affects the development. Pdf african yam bean is a versatile legume crop, relished for its protein rich tubers.
It is also evident from this study that the african yam bean is a suitable substrate and raw material base for the production of dawa dawa in the cottage industry. Wild variants of broad beans fava beans were gathered in afghanistan and the himalayan foothills. Six samples were generated by mixing ayb and maize composite flour with graded levels of dc flour 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%. African yam okpa odudu boiled, roasted and eaten as snack bean sphenostylis stenocarpa 19 sesamum beniseed roasted, milled for soup. Origins of the african yam bean sphenostylis stenocarpa. Development, nutrient composition and sensory properties. Average daily feed intake adfi was not influenced by the processing methods table 4. Yam is an attractive crop in poor farms with limited resources. African yam bean, seed size estimates, sources of variation, gower genetic distance. Proximate chemical composition of the starch samples revealed that the moisture content of the starches ranged between 6. The seed size was determined as described by kaushik, k. Pachyrhizus is a small genus of five or six species of tropical and subtropical plants growing from large, often edible taproots.
The african yam bean sphenostylis stenocarpa hochst. The largest independent center which includes the mountainous regions of central and western china, and adjacent lowlands. Effect of african yam bean ayb sphenostylis stenocarpa. Different diets were formulated using the ayb flour. The energy content of the formulations ranged from 362. Botanically the tuber belongs to the dioscoreaceae family, in the genus, dioscorea there exist several hundred cultivars of dioscorea. Botanically the tuber belongs to the dioscoreaceae family, in the genus, dioscorea. Yam beans or jicama health benefits, facts, side effects. Mean values followed by different letters in a column are significantly different p african yam bean flour are suitable for breads, cakes and biscuits incorporating the flour into wheatbased products make the foods useful protein and energy sources with good nutritive value. The african yam bean sphenostylis stenocarpa hochst ex a. There exist several hundred cultivars of dioscorea.
The effect of alum and trona on the antinutritional properties of african yam bean seeds was studied. African yam bean ayb african yam bean sphenostylis stenocarpa, is the most economically important among the seven species of sphenostylis 9 and it is one of the most important tuberous legumes. African yam bean sphenostylis stenocarpa starch was subjected to heat moisture treatments at 18% hmt18, 21% hmt21, 24% hmt24, 27% hmt27 and excess annealing moisture levels. Banigo, elsie balafama, and david barine kiinkabari. The reasons for this are not clear, but may be attributed to toxicity present in.
Pdf african yam bean sphenostylis stenocarpa nodulates. Origins of the african yam bean sphenostylis stenocarpa, leguminosae. The african yam bean sphenostylis stenocarpa is also grown for its starchy storage root similar to white potato in. M aterials a nd m ethods dried african yam bean seed sphenostylis stenocarpa. Feed conversion ratio was higher in birds fed raw and dehulled african yam bean meals than those that received the. The african yam bean ayb is an underutilized, semicultivated crop that has failed to gain popularity comparable to that of other edible african legumes such as cowpea and pigeon pea. Effect of soaking african yam bean seeds in unripe plantain. Effect of germination on proximate, available phenol and. Rich is a legumi nous crop found in the volta region of ghana. Harms is a perennial climbing bush, m high, generally grown as an annual. Cultivation and use of african yam bean sphenostylis stenocarpa.
This study aims at understanding the genetic diversity of 79 ayb accessions of various origins. Oct 25, 2011 potentials of african yam bean the plant sphenostylis stenocarpa is one of the most important tuberous legumes of tropical africa. Biodiversity studies on accessions of african yam bean. Nigeria is by far the worlds largest producer of yams, accounting for over 7076 percent of the world production. African yam bean ayb is an orphan crop in africa, despite its nutritional benefits and potentials as a food security crop. Sphenostylis stenocarpa is cultivated for its edible tubers, which look like elongated sweet potatoes, and for its seeds, which are contained in hard and tough.
The discussion refers to more than two dozen plants, which arrived in plantation societies during the transatlantic slave trade table 2. The physical properties of the five african yam bean accessions were determined as follows. African yam bean ayb is an underutilized crop with immense nutritional value derivable from both the seeds and tubers. African yam bean ayb is an underutilized legume with numerous food and medicinal properties, which are yet to be fully exploited for the benefit of human and animals. The arable tuberous legume is important in most indigenous african food cultures and in peasant agriculture.
African yam bean ayb, sphenostylis stenocarpa, is a grain legume cultivated in central african republic, zaire, east africa, and ethiopia for its tubers and in the southeastern nigeria for its edible seeds. Effect of african yam bean ayb sphenostylis stenocarpa on the quality characteristic of extended meat ball. The tubers which are consumed in most parts of east and central africa have not been given much attention in west africa. Evaluation of african yam bean sphenostylis stenocarpa hochst ex a.
Scanning electron micrograph sem of annealed african yam bean sphenostylis stenocarpa starch. Plants for use in a traditional africanamerican yard in. Since the dawn of history these yamlike tubers have fed tropical americans. African yam bean flour are suitable for breads, cakes and biscuits incorporating the flour into wheatbased products make the foods useful protein and energy sources with good nutritive value. The african yam bean known as odudu, azama or okpodudu by the igbos belongs to the family febaceae, which was formally classified under the subfamily papillionoides anon, 1979. The seeds of cream coloured african yam bean ayb and lime were purchased from oye igboeze and ogige nsukka markets, respectively in enugu state, nigeria. Potentials of african yam bean the plant sphenostylis stenocarpa is one of the most important tuberous legumes of tropical africa. Millions of african farmers grow cowpea, some two hundred million africans consume cowpea, many, maybe a majority of these farmers are women. Crop origin, evolution, diversity, collection, domestication crop domestication harlan paper man domesticated plants, or plants domesticated man transition from hunter. In certain tropical cultures, notably in west africa and new guinea.
African yam bean ayb is one of such crop with tremendous. Abstract tropical african yambean sphenostylis stenocarpa l is an under. Morphological diversity analysis of african yam bean sphenostylis. Production of biscuit using composite wheat abacha african yam bean flour was investigated. Both wild and cultivated types now occur in tropical africa as far as zimbabwe, throughout west africa from guinea to southern nigeria, being especially common in the latter and in togo and the ivory coast, and in east africa from northern ethiopia eritrea to mozambique, including tanzania and zanzibar. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of germination on proximate composition total phenols and flavonoid compounds and antioxidant activity of african yam bean. Production and evaluation of breakfast cereals from rice. This study appraised the effects of landrace legumes, velvet bean mucuna pruriens var. Introduction the evolving campaign for food diversification is enhancing the realization of the place of the underutilized crop species in the global food system for food security.
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